Tie-line modelling in interconnected synchrophasor network for monitoring grid observability, cyber intrusion and reliability

The incorporation of a tie-line between two areas may be beneficial in ways. First, the reserve capacity assisting area support to assisted area, and second, number Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) requirements will become smaller for complete observability interconnected grid. objective function is formulated integrate reliability analysis synchrophasor networks. effect Zero Injection Bus (ZIB) included constraints reduce PMUs deployed system. optimal PMU deployments greater systems comparison with single area. Therefore, more vulnerable cyber risk. paper discusses cumulative system during an anomaly situation that occurs device due cyber-attack. indices Interconnected System Load Interruption Probability (ISLIP) Demand Not Supplied (ISDNS) are evaluated when optimally network by including excluding ZIB. By doing so, most reliable location deployment can obtained both Reliability Test (RTS)-24 bus used each modify test incorporating tie-lines them.